A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF BLOCKCHAIN INTEGRATION IN HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS

Abstract

This literature review synthesizes findings from thirteen peer-reviewed IEEE research papers published between 2019 and 2026, collectively examining the application of blockchain technology across healthcare data management, land records, and other critical domains. The reviewed works converge on a central challenge: the inadequacy of centralized data systems in guaranteeing security, privacy, integrity, and interoperability of sensitive records. Blockchain's inherent properties of decentralization, immutability, and auditability are consistently proposed as countermeasures. The papers span diverse technical approaches including Hyperledger Fabric, Ethereum, IPFS-based hybrid storage, post-quantum cryptographic schemes (XMSS, KYBER, FALCON), federated learning integration, attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE), elliptic curve cryptography (ECC), SHA-256 hashing, multilevel authentication, and smart contract automation. Collectively, the reviewed literature demonstrates high-performance outcomes: signature verification accuracies exceeding 97%, tampering detection rates of 98-100%, prediction accuracies of 94.7% in federated learning frameworks and transaction latencies well below real-time clinical thresholds. Key research gaps include quantum vulnerability in legacy schemes, scalability limitations of on-chain storage, lack of universal interoperability standards, and insufficient real-world deployment validation. Future directions point toward post-quantum security, AI-augmented diagnostics, federated learning with differential privacy, and cross-domain blockchain interoperability