COMMUNICATION IN BLACK SPOT REGIONS USING LoRa MESH WITH EMSRA ROUTING

Abstract

Modern communication systems fail in black spot regions such as forests, tunnels, highways, border areas, and disaster zones due to lack of network infrastructure. This results in delayed emergency response and increased risk to human life. The proposed system introduces a LoRa mesh-based emergency communication framework integrated with an Emergency Mesh Signal Routing Algorithm (EMSRA) to enable reliable multi-hop communication. The system is developed using ESP32 controllers, SX1278 LoRa modules, GPS tracking, and crash detection sensors. It supports intelligent SOS triggering, real-time location sharing, and offline rescue mapping without relying on cellular networks. The inclusion of solar-powered Li-ion nodes ensures long-term autonomous deployment. The system achieves improved packet delivery ratio (up to 94%), enhanced communication reliability, and reduced emergency response time, making it highly suitable for infrastructure-less environments such as disaster zones, forests, and border areas.