A STUDY ON EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF ARAMID AND BASALT FIBRE REINFORCEMENTS FOR WIND TURBINE BLADE OPTIMIZATION: A REVIEW

Abstract

Wind energy is considered a major renewable power source, and the performance of a wind turbine largely depends on the structural efficiency of its blades. Most modern blades are manufactured using fiber reinforced polymer composites because they offer low weight, corrosion resistance, and good mechanical strength. However, conventional glass fiber composites face limitations when blades become larger, particularly in terms of stiffness, fatigue endurance, and resistance to impact damage. To address these challenges, aramid and basalt fibers are being explored as alternative reinforcements. Aramid fibers are well known for high toughness, excellent energy absorption, and superior impact resistance, whereas basalt fibers provide improved stiffness, thermal stability, and chemical resistance with moderate cost. This review summarizes the characteristics of aramid- and basalt-based composite laminates, key manufacturing techniques, mechanical performance trends, and typical damage mechanisms. The potential of hybrid aramid–basalt laminates for enhancing strength-to-weight ratio, fatigue life, and damage tolerance in wind turbine blades is also discussed. Finally, major research gaps and future development directions are highlighted for practical large-scale implementation.